Double tendon of the Human Extensor Indicis Muscle provides “insight' into individual development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methods: This study utilized 16 embalmed cadavers (32 upper limbs) of both sexes and of different ages using traditional anatomical macro‐micro dissections. Summary of results: The variant of the Extensor Indicis (EI) muscle: double tendon to index and middle fingers, was found in one female cadaver, bilaterally. The narrow, elongated muscle belly of EI attached to the posterolateral surface of ulna, the adjacent interosseus membrane and the deep antebrachial fascia. The lateral part of the EI muscle belly became tendonous at the inferior third of the forearm while that of the medial part occurred at the superior border of the extensor retinaculum. Both tendons passed deep to the extensor retinaculum to join with the ulnar sides of the tendons of the extensor digitorum forming the extensor expansion for the index and middle fingers. It was observed that the muscle belly of this anomalous muscle was innervated by branches of the deep radial nerve in the inferior third of forearm. The double EI tendon appears to be a developmental variant of the normal migratory pattern of myogenic cells known to occur during embryogenesis of the upper limb. Conclusion: Our finding supports the hypothesis that the double EI muscle tendon variant may result from early splitting of EI muscle primordium during morphogenesis and may serve to enhance tightness of grip and functional independence to the index and middle fingers. No external support.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".