A comparison of the magnetism of cobalt-, manganese-, and nickel-ferrite nanoparticles
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The microstructure, composition and magnetism of CoFe 2 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 and NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles of comparable sizes (∼20 nm) and interparticle spacings (∼20 nm) have been characterized from 10 to 400 K. The cation distributions of the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the particles, that have cubic spinel structures, have a high degree of inversion, ∼0.98 for CoFe 2 O 4 , ∼0.80 for MnFe 2 O 4 and NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The blocking temperatures were ∼300 K for the MnFe 2 O 4 and NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, while the CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, due to their higher intrinsic anisotropy had a significantly higher blocking temperature above 400 K. Specifically, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.96</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.03</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> ergs cm −3 , while for the MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> ergs cm −3 , and for the NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mstyle displaystyle="false"> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.07</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> ergs cm −3 . The magnetism of these three ferrite systems are discussed in detail with regards to their microstructures and cation distributions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it