Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new low-loss quasi-transverse electromagnetic (TEM) microstrip line, called as a self-packaged microstrip line, is proposed for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. It is fully based on the low-cost PCB process, but without the issues of radiation and surface waves by using a top layer perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) substrate. The self-packaged microstrip line consists of three layer substrates: a bottom layer to place the metal strip, a top layer to build the PMC shielding with the periodic plated vias, and a middle layer to separate the PMC layer from the metal strip and base ground plane. The ground plane works as an ideal PEC creating a PEC-PMC structure. It is evident that, within the band of interest, the space radiation, surface waves, and cavity resonances appearing in the standard microstrip line (without/with a bulky metallic shielding box) can be efficiently suppressed by the top-layer PMC shielding when a proper gap height is implemented [1]-[4]. As a result, a thicker bottom layer substrate can be applied in the packaged microstrip line to reduce the conductor losses; and no issues of interference or crosstalk will arise between the adjacent circuits/components [5], [6]. Therefore, this self-packaged microstrip line is very helpful to improve the microstrip circuit performance, such as the gain, bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the microstrip antenna, and the passband/stopband characteristics and compactness of the microstrip filter, in particular at high frequencies, due to the reduced attenuation and the absence of surface waves (and/or radiation) [7]-[9]. Indeed, the suppression of the surface waves in the substrate can also be realized by electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) or defect ground structure (DGS), because of the high-impedance surface [10], [11]. However, an additional metal shielding that surrounds a microstrip-EBG/DGS circuit is still required to prevent the space radiation. Otherwise, significant radiation will increase the insertion loss and additionally cause the unwanted RF interference among the adjacent circuit elements. Moreover, such packaging is very complicated, since a recessed region is required in the metal bearing carrier under the defected ground slots, and the resonance frequency of the DGS depends on the dimensions of this region [12], [13]. So, it can be seen that the proposed novel self-packaged microstrip line perfectly merges both the merits of suppressing the radiation in space and the surface waves in the substrate, which makes it very attractive for the high cost-effective circuit design in both performance improvement and size reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".