The case of extreme hydrologic drought downstream from reservoirs in Quebec (Canada): The intermittent flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Intermittent flow is a hydrological phenomenon observed at all latitudes. This phenomenon is characterized by a complete or partial interruption of flow in time and/or space in channels. In Quebec, even though the climate is humid, intermittent flow occurs downstream from headwater reservoirs. These reservoirs store water during spring and summer (from April to September) and release it in winter to supply hydroelectric power plants located downstream. During the water storage period, intermittent flow is common (discharges falling to <1 L/s/km2). The goal of the study is to analyse the characteristics (magnitude, frequency, and duration) of this flow downstream from 3 reservoirs built in the Saint‐Maurice River watershed, during the period from 1930 to 2010. Downstream, the contribution (magnitude) of intermittent flow to total altered flow is less than 2%. Intermittent flow frequency ranges from 24 to 65 days per year downstream from the 3 reservoirs. As far as duration is concerned, intermittent flow persists on average from 40 to 128 consecutive days. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that the frequency of intermittent flow is correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and its magnitude and negatively correlated with the Southern Oscillation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".