Vacuolar processing enzymes, AmVPE1 and AmVPE2, as potential executors of ethylene regulated programmed cell death in the lace plant (<i>Aponogeton madagascariensis</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perforation formation in Aponogeton madagascariensis (Mirb.) H.Bruggen (lace plant) is an excellent model for studying developmentally regulated programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we isolated and identified two lace plant vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) and investigated their involvement in PCD and throughout leaf development. Lace plant VPE transcript levels were determined during seven different stages of leaf development. PCD and non-PCD cells from “window” stage leaves (in which perforations are forming) were separated through laser-capture microscopy and their transcript levels were also determined. VPE activity was also studied between the cell types, through a VPE activity-based probe JOPD1. Additionally, VPE transcript levels were studied in plants treated with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). The two isolated VPEs, AmVPE1 and AmVPE2, are vegetative type VPEs. AmVPE1 had higher transcript levels during a pre-perforation developmental stage, immediately prior to visible signs of PCD. AmVPE2 transcript levels were higher later during window and late window stages. Both VPEs had higher transcript and activity levels in PCD compared with the non-PCD cells. AVG treatment inhibited PCD and associated increases in VPE transcript levels. Our results suggested that VPEs are involved in the execution of the ethylene-related PCD in the lace plant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".