Effect of a Sliding Scale Vitamin D Supplementation Protocol on 25(OH)D Status in Elite Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a substantial proportion of elite athletes with SCI (spinal cord injury) have insufficient 25(OH)D status which may be associated with decreased muscle strength. This study: 1) examined the effects of a 16-week sliding scale Vitamin D supplementation protocol on 25(OH)D concentration and 2) determined whether subsequent 25(OH)D status impacts muscle performance in elite athletes with SCI. Thirty-four members of the US Olympic Committee Paralympic program, and the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association from outdoor sports participated. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, lifestyle and dietary factors were assessed during the Winter and Spring. Participants were assigned a 16-week sliding scale vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) (KleanAthlete Brand) supplementation protocol based on initial 25(OH)D levels. Participants with deficient 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L) status received 50,000 IU/wk. for 8 wks., and participants with insufficient status (50-75 nmol/L) received 35,000 IU/week for 4 weeks followed by a maintenance dosage of 15,000 IU/wk. Participants with sufficient status (>75nmol/L) received the maintenance dosage of 15,000 IU/wk. 25 (OH)D concentrations increased significantly after supplementation (p <.001; 66.3 + 24.3 nmol/L; 111.3 + 30.8 nmol/L) for Winter and Spring, respectively. 26% of athletes had sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations prior to supplementation, and 91% had sufficient concentrations post supplementation. 62% of participants improved handgrip strength post supplementation. No change in 20-meter wheelchair sprint performance time was observed. The 16-week sliding scale supplementation protocol used in the current study is effective for achieving sufficient vitamin D concentrations during the winter months in elite athletes with SCI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".