Canada, the United States and Mexico: the development of trilateralism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La decisión que tomó el gobierno conservador del Primer Ministro de Canadá, Brian Mulroney, de participar en las negociaciones trilaterales sobre un Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre Canadá, México y Estados Unidos se tiene que entender en términos de su contexto histórico. Los parámetros clave de este contexto son: la evolución histórica de las relaciones entre Canadá y Estados Unidos; la orientación de la política económica exterior estadounidense; la relación bilateral que había existido entre México y Estados Unidos; el creciente interés en América Latina, tanto por parte de la comunidad oficial como de la comunidad empresarial, y finalmente, los acontecimientos en Asia y Europa. Este trabajo trata el contexto global antes de emprender una discusión más específica sobre la decisión en 1990 de participar en lo que había empezado como negociaciones bilaterales entre México y Estados U nidos. Es importante enfatizar que el trabajo no pretende ser un análisis de los costos y beneficios del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre Canadá y Estados Unidos, o de los costos y beneficios de un posible acuerdo trilateral. Más bien es un análisis de la dinámica histórica, económica, política y psicológica que forma el contexto dentro del cual se han tomado las decisiones y que nos ayuda a entenderlas. ABSTRACTThe 1990 decision by the Conservative Government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to participate in trilateral talks on a free trade agreement encompassing Canada, Mexico and the United States must be understood within a larger historical context. The critical parameters of that context include: the historical evolution of Canada-United States relations; the orientation of United States foreign economic policy; the traditional bilateral relationship between Mexico and the United States; the increased official and business community Canadian interest in Latin America; and, finally, developments in Europe and Asia. This paper addresses that larger framework before turning to the specific debate surrounding the 1990 decision to participate in what had begun as United States-Mexico bilateral negotiations. It is important to stress that this paper is not intended as an analysis of the cost/benefits of either the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) or the potential trilateral agreement, but rather of the historical, economic, political and psychological dynamic within which decisions have been taken and which help to understand those decisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".