Kinetic analysis of cyclic carbonation of carbide slag during chemical reaction‐controlled stage under fluidization conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbide slag, as a kind of typical industrial waste, was proposed as a CO 2 sorbent in the calcium looping process. The CO 2 capture performance of carbide slag was investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor (BFBR) under fluidization conditions. A surface reaction‐controlled kinetic model was employed to describe the carbonation kinetics of carbide slag during the chemical reaction‐controlled stage. The results show that the values of k , t crcs , and X u , which respectively denote the reaction rate constant, duration time, and final carbonation conversion in the chemical reaction‐controlled stage, decrease with the cycle number, due to the sintering of the sorbents. The microstructure of calcined carbide slag leads to higher CO 2 diffusion resistance in carbide slag than that in limestone, causing lower k and longer t crcs compared with limestone. The larger BET areas and pore areas of calcined carbide slag provide additional surface for the reaction of CaO and CO 2 . Therefore, the X u values of carbide slag are higher than those of limestone after 5 cycles. Reaction conditions have a significant effect on the carbonation process of carbide slag. 850–900 °C is the optimum temperature range for the calcination of carbide slag. The gas‐solid transfer is strengthened at a higher fluidization number, enhancing the CO 2 capture of carbide slag. The pores of the larger particles are more easily blocked due to the formation of CaCO 3 layer, and the X u of the carbide slag with a larger particle size is lower.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".