Antihelminthic treatment alters cellular but not humoral immune components in Magellanic Penguin (<i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i>) chicks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We evaluate whether helminth parasites affect both cellular and humoral components of the immune system of Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus (J.R. Forster, 1781)) chicks. We measured immune components after the administration of an antihelminthic drug to remove parasites. Cellular immune components included the complete white blood cell (WBC) count and the in vivo skin-swelling response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Humoral aspects assessed were the ability of plasma to agglutinate foreign particles and the bactericidal capacity of plasma. Antihelminthic treatment resulted in lower total WBC counts supporting the role of circulating leukocytes in fighting macroparasites. Deparasitized chicks showed a reduction in all types of leukocytes. Contrary to our expectation, deparasitized Magellanic Penguin chicks showed lower response to PHA injection than control chicks. The swelling response was positively correlated with body condition and with total WBC in circulation. We hypothesize that the specific helminth community naturally occurring in Magellanic Penguin chicks might have an overall immunostimulatory effect on the PHA response. Antihelminthic treatment did not alter the innate humoral immune parameters measured. Our results support the prediction that, given their relatively low costs of use and maintenance, innate humoral components would not be as affected by antihelminthic treatment as more costly cellular responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".