Serum activin B levels as predictive biomarker for ectopic pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tubal Ectopic pregnancy remains to be a diagnostic dilemma with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of serum biomarkers for diagnosis of the above condition is warranted. Decidualization of endometrium is expected to be low in tubal ectopic pregnancy due to limitation of space in the fallopian tube. Hence tubal ectopic pregnancy is likely to have less serum levels of decidualization markers and activin B is one such marker. In the present study, we explored the utility of activin B in discriminating tubal ectopic pregnancy from intrauterine miscarriages and normal viable intrauterine pregnancy. The study included 28 in tubal Ectopic pregnancy (tEP), 31 intrauterine miscarriages (IUM) and 29 normal intrauterine pregnancies (IUP) confirmed both by clinical examination and ultrasonography. Serum activin B levels were measured at the time of admission using commercial ELISA kit. The median serum activin B levels were found to be significantly decreased in both tEP (P value=0.004) and IUM (P value =0.022) compared to normal IUP. When compared between tEP and IUM, activin B levels did not differ significantly (P value =0.648). Receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated AUC of 0.722 to discriminate ectopic pregnancy from viable IUP with levels less than 23.3 pg/ml delivering a sensitivity of 82.14%, specificity of 62.07%, negative predictive value of 77.7% and positive predictive value of 68.4%, with 95% confidence interval between 0.588 to 0.833. ROC analysis of activin B and free -hCG demonstrated AUC of 0.722 and 0.805, respectively to discriminate tEP from viable IUP. The model including both activin B and free -hCG improved the discriminating potential with greater AUC (0.824), and specificity (93%) than individual one. To discriminate tEP from IUM, activin B, free -hCG and combination of both performed poorly. We conclude that serum activin B concentration is lower in tubal ectopic pregnancy, and can discriminate it from normal pregnancy with moderate accuracy. It also shows improved diagnostic potential along with free -hCG, but cannot distinguish tEP from IUM reliably.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".