Constant envelope DCT- and FFT-based OFDM systems with frequency modulation in flat fading channels
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper Discrete Cosine Transform and Fast Fourier Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DCT-OFDM and FFT-OFDM) systems with frequency modulation are examined. Frequency modulation is used in both systems to achieve constant envelope (CE) signals and hence 0 dB PAPR; well-suited for efficient power amplification. The performances of such systems are examined over flat fading channels for transmission of data using M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (MPAM) mapper. Closed-form expressions for bit error rate over flat Ricean and Rayleigh channels are derived. The parameters that affect error performance are identified and illustrated. Results show that CE-DCT-OFDM system outperforms CE-FFT-OFDM system from the viewpoint of BER and has several advantages as well.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it