Compositional Engineering To Improve the Stability of Lead Halide Perovskites: A Comparative Study of Cationic and Anionic Dopants
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The instability of perovskite solar cells is the single greatest barrier to their commercialization. While a number of studies have now looked at the effect of perovskite composition on device stability, many of these have examined only a single compositional variable. With many of these studies having been carried out under different environmental conditions, and still others lacking environmental controls entirely, it is often difficult to compare the relative effect of various cationic or anionic dopants. To address this knowledge gap, we fabricated CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells where either the methylammonium or iodide ions were replaced with 20 mol % of a dopant ion (ethylammonium, formamidinium, bromide, or chloride). We then assessed their stability either in a controlled 85% relative humidity environment or under 1 sun illumination in air; both conditions have been previously shown to rapidly decompose CH3NH3PbI3. Of the dopants studied, the formamidinium cations imparted the best moisture resistance, and the resulting perovskite displayed the lowest photochemical reactivity. We attribute the improved stability of the formamidinium-doped perovskite to the more delocalized positive charge of the formamidinium cation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it