The Impact of Hemodialysis on Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Gait and Role of Exercise: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: People with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) commonly have functional impairments. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of HD on spatio-temporal characteristics of gait, and effect of exercise on these parameters. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant citations. Extracted data was computed using a random effects model for means (Hedges’ and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Mean values: gait speed (GS)—1.0 m/s (CI: 0.9–1.1 m/s; 16 studies), fast walking speed (FWS)—1.5 m/s (CI: 1.3–1.6 m/s; 7 studies), timed get-up & go test (TUG) —6.8 s (CI: 6.1–7.5 s; 2 studies), walk tests (WT) 193.0 s (CI: 116.0–270.0; 5 studies), 6 min-walk-test (6MWT)—386.6 m (CI: 243.2–530.0 m; 11 studies). 4 studies compared participants on HD with normal controls and 10 studies evaluated the effect of nutrition/exercise. Conclusions: Compared to age-matched populations, people with ESKD/HD had significantly slower GS and reduced walk distances; with intervention, the change in the distance walked was significant. Further research is required to evaluate the effect of HD on gait parameters, and the type of exercise/nutrition that will lead to meaningful changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".