Selective oxidation of <i>o</i>‐chlorotoluene to <i>o</i>‐chlorobenzaldehyde catalyzed by (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Catalytic oxidation of chlorotoluene is an important reaction for the production of chlorobenzaldehyde. Many works have focused on the oxidation of p ‐chlorotoluene, while little attention has been paid to the oxidation of o ‐chlorotoluene (OCT). Herein, we, for the first time, report on the selective oxidation of OCT to o ‐chlorobenzaldehyde (OCBD) with a cobalt‐manganese composite oxide ((Co,Mn)(Co,Mn) 2 O 4 ) as a catalyst and O 2 as a green and free oxidant. The Co centres are slightly more active than the Mn centres toward the catalytic oxidation of OCT. However, the Co sites seem active enough to further oxidize the OCBD to o ‐chlorobenzoic acid. It is also found that the crystallinity of the (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn) 2 O 4 catalysts or the valence state of the surface cations in the catalysts affects the activity and selectivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".