Another alternate integrated circuit approach to modulation of radiofrequency transmission signals in magnetic resonance imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Parallel radiofrequency transmission has garnered much attention for its wide range of benefits in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including reduced power deposition and radiofrequency excitation with improved spatial uniformity. However, few pTx systems are commercially available and most are expensive. This manuscript introduces another alternative parallel transmit architecture at 3 T based on field‐programmable gate array technology, and explores the utility of a low cost, integrated circuit approach to signal modulation that is easily scaled to high channel counts. The technical and engineering specifications of a complete 4‐channel signal modulation module are presented in detail, including radiofrequency characterization and MRI results. The experimental results are additionally compared to a commercially available 4‐channel modulation system. The findings indicate that the proposed device is easy to use, provides fine control of phase and amplitude on existing MRI systems, and can be fabricated for approximately 30 USD per channel. Initial estimates suggest that the complete 4‐channel modulation system (including the required software licenses and multi‐function reconfigurable input/output devices) can be implemented for approximately 10 000 USD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".