Microwave radiation effect with and without chemical seed treatments on halo blight infected seed, seed germination, plant vigour, and yield of dry beans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, is a seed-borne disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that lowers seed quality and yield. Over 2 yr, laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of microwave radiation on two market classes: navy (‘Envoy’) and white kidney (‘GTS 402’) bean. In the laboratory, seed germination and vigour decreased up to 15% after 40 s of microwave exposure, where <7% decrease was observed during 0–30 s. Disease plating showed no correlation between pathogen colonization of the seed and microwave radiation, as incidence of pathogen colonization was low across all exposure times. In field trials in Morden and Winkler, MB, microwave radiation was tested alone and in combination with copper hydroxide 53.8% and pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl. Seed treatment with copper hydroxide slightly decreased the incidence of halo blight but had little impact on seed pick, hundred-seed weight, yield, or return on investment. Pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl seed treatment had no effect on any of these parameters. Microwave radiation lowered seed emergence by up to 9% but did not reduce disease incidence and severity or increase yield or return of investment when applied alone or in combination with a chemical treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".