Canadian Urological Association/Pediatric Urologists of Canada guidelines on the investigation and management of antenatally detected hydronephrosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prior to the advent of maternal ultrasonography in the 1980s, children with significant congenital hydronephrosis requiring surgery presented symptomatically with abdominal pain, urinary infection, hypertension, hematuria, or failure to thrive. Antenatal hydronephrosis (AHN) became one of the most commonly detected ultrasound (US) findings, affecting 1–5% of pregnancies.1 The majority of AHN in the third trimester is discovered due to US for maternal indications. The benefits of this early detection of urinary tract dilation include a reduction in the renal damage due to obstruction and infection.2,3 On the other hand, many of these antenatally detected cases spontaneously resolve with observation and consequently can be submitted to unnecessary investigations and continued medical followup.4 The challenge to this day remains to predict which of these prenatally detected infants will require corrective surgery, prior to the development of symptoms or potentially irreversible renal damage, thus permitting a more tailored screening.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".