MRI measurements of the normal pediatric optic nerve pathway
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to establish a reference scale of optic nerve pathway measurements in pediatric patients according to age using MRI. Optic nerve pathway measurements were retrospectively analyzed using an orbits equivalent sequence on brain MRI scans of 137 pediatric patients (72 male, 65 female, average age = 7.7 years, standard deviation = 5.3). The examinations were performed on a 1.5-T or 3-T Siemens MR system using routine imaging protocols. Measurements include diameters of the orbital optic nerves (OON), prechiasmatic optic nerves (PON), optic tracts (OT), and optic chiasm (OC). Measurements were performed manually by 2 neuroradiologists, using post-processing software. Patients were stratified into five age groups for measurement analyses: (I) 0-1.49 years, (II) 1.5-2.99 years, (III) 3-5.99 years, (IV) 6-11.99 years, and (V) 12-18 years. The observed value range of OON mean diameter was 2.7 mm (Interquartile range (IQR) = 2.4-2.9), PON was 3.2 mm (IQR = 3.05-3.5), OT 2.6 mm (IQR = 2-2.9). A strong positive correlation was established between age and mean diameter of OON (r = 0.73, p < .001), PON (r = 0.59, p < .001), and OT (r = 0.72, p < .001). A significant difference in mean OON diameters was found between age groups I-II (d = 0.3, p = .01), II-III (d = 0.5, p < .001), III-IV (d = 0.5, p < .001) followed by a plateau between IV-V (d = 0.l0, p = .19). OON/OT ratio maintained a steady mean value 1 (IQR = 0.93-1.1) regardless of age (p = .7). The diameter of optic pathways was found to increase as a function of age with consistent positive correlation between nerve and tract for all ages.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it