The Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression: Function and Utility in a Youth Community Sample
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study examined the application of Clark & Watson's (1991) tripartite model of the internalizing disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) in non-clinical youth as research is lacking on its functionality in youth compared to adult populations.We attempted to replicate the tripartite constructs (Negative Affect, Positive Affect, and Somatic Problems as an approximation of Physiological Hyperarousal) in a community sample of youth aged between 6 and 17 years.Consistent with the tripartite model, the results showed that NA was highly correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms, while low positive affect was related to depression but not anxiety.Somatic problems were found to be correlated with both anxiety and depression, which corroborates recent trends in the adult literature indicating that physiological hyperarousal does not uniquely distinguish depression from anxiety.Implications and limitations of the current study are discussed.Depressive and anxious disorders affect both adult and youth populations.Twelve-month prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults is approximately 6.7%, and lifetime prevalence of MDD in children and adolescents is as high as 11.2 -13.0%(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2011).For anxiety disorders, 12-month prevalence in adults is 18.2%, and lifetime prevalence in youth is 15% (NIMH, 2011).Many people suffer from both disorders and the intercorrelations between self-report measures of anxiety and depression are particularly high in youth populations (Stark & Laurent, 2001). This points to a considerable degree of symptom overlap between anxiety and depressive disorders, and there are indeed notable similarities in the way the two are manifested.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) anxiety and depression are both characterized by high subjective distress, poor concentration, and somatic symptoms.Instead of separating anxiety and depression into conceptually distinct disorders, Clark and Watson (1991) proposed a tripartite model to account for both the unique and shared variances of anxiety and depressive symptoms.The tripartite model has found support in adult populations.However, research on its utility in youth samples is scarce (Anderson & Hope, 2008).The current investigation extended this line of research by
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".