From high-energy demands to nZEB: the retrofit of a school in Catalonia, Spain
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since existing buildings are responsible for almost 40% of the energy consumption, a major focus in the construction sector is represented by building energy-saving retrofits. Considering the limited current economic possibilities in the construction market, the retrofit of existing buildings has become a target for both private actors and public administrations in most of European countries. In this context, the province of Catalonia in Spain is defining strategic plans and guidelines to help energy retrofits according to nZEB criteria. In this framework, the present paper evaluates the effectiveness of a series of strategies considered in the energy refurbishment of a school located in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. Firstly, the study reports the results of an extensive (level three) energy audit. This data is then used to create a reliable energy simulation model. A set of possible interventions is hence investigated considering technical feasibility, cost, and potential energy saving and indoor comfort benefits. Results show the actual possibility of reaching the nZEB standard at the end of the refurbishment of this high-energy consuming building. Finally, the case study is discussed as a valuable example for promoting energy retrofits in Catalonia and beyond.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it