Characterization and Differentiation of Sorted Human Fetal Pancreatic ALDH <sup>hi</sup> and ALDH <sup>hi</sup> /CD133 <sup>+</sup> Cells Toward Insulin-Expressing Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is found in developing and multipotent cell populations, and is important for the production and regulation of retinoic acid, which controls β-cell differentiation in the pancreas. The role of ALDH-expressing cells in the formation of endocrine-like cells and co-localization with the putative stem cell marker CD133 has not been examined during human pancreatic development. This study focuses on the co-expression of CD133 on ALDH+ cells from the human fetal pancreas (18–22 weeks of fetal age) with transcription factors (TFs) central to endocrine cell development. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that cells with high ALDH activity (ALDHhi) had increased co-expression of CD133 and endocrine-lineage TFs when compared with cells with low ALDH (ALDHlo) expression. Hormone-expressing (insulin, somatostatin) and ductal cells (CK19) were noted in the ALDHhi population, while mesenchymal (vimentin) and endothelial (CD31) markers were predominantly found in ALDHlo cells. Culture of sorted ALDHhi or ALDHhi/CD133+ cells resulted in loss of endocrine TF, insulin, and CK19 expression. The formation of cell clusters from cultured ALDHhi or ALDHhi/CD133+ cells led to restored CK19 expression and showed endocrine TFs and insulin expression. In summary, pancreatic ALDHhi cells contain a heterogeneous CD133-enriched population with a subset of β-cell associated markers in the developing human pancreas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".