Michael G. Thompson. For God and Globe: Christian Internationalism in the United States between the Great War and the Cold War.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a much-welcomed addition to the burgeoning literature on religion and U.S. foreign relations, For God and the Globe: Christian Internationalism in the United States between the Great War and the Cold War recovers the story of Christian internationalism as a forgotten intellectual movement in the United States, one that stood in opposition to empire, nation, and race at a time when Christian internationalism was, according to conventional accounts of American Christianity, an ideological prop for the maintenance of American empire. Drawing on vast original material, Thompson chronicles the trajectory of this movement as one of declension. The star—or rather stars—of the book are the short-lived periodical The World Tomorrow (WT) and the ecumenical conference held at Oxford in 1937. Through its editor Kirby Page, WT presented a distinct way of Christian thinking about international relations. After all, WT was a self-described periodical with an evangelical radical bent. Page sought to apply Christian ethics as embodied in the historical Jesus (33) to U.S. foreign relations and international affairs in general. Page became a vocal critic of U.S. imperialism not only in the Philippines but also in Latin America. Alongside other well-known Christian figures such as Sherwood Eddy, Page zeroed in on nationalism as the principal cause of conflict (43), believing that it led to militarism and imperialism, and he thus countered liberal internationalist support for institutions such as the League of Nations that were oriented around national sovereignty. All in all, WT—at one point, it was the recipient of General Douglas MacArthur’s ire, for “opposing the defense of homeland and the principles hallowed by the blood of our ancestors” (47)—provided a central and sophisticated institutional gathering point for the crystallization of ideas of anti-imperialist and antinationalist thinkers who sought to influence public opinion. When WT shut its doors in 1934, its ideas found important places in many corners of U.S. foreign policy discussions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".