Reduction of Arterial Stiffness After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background End‐stage kidney disease is associated with increased arterial stiffness. Although correction of uremia by kidney transplantation ( KT x) could improve arterial stiffness, results from clinical studies are unclear partly due to small sample sizes. Method and Results We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of before‐after design studies performed in adult KT x patients with available measures of arterial stiffness parameters (pulse wave velocity [ PWV ], central pulse pressure [PP], and augmentation index) before and at any time post‐ KT x. Mean difference of post‐ and pre‐ KT x values of different outcomes were estimated using a random effect model with 95% confidence interval. To deal with repetition of measurement within a study, only 1 period of measurement was considered per study by analysis. Twelve studies were included in meta‐analysis, where a significant decrease of overall PWV by 1.20 m/s (95% CI 0.67‐1.73, I 2 =72%), central PWV by 1.20 m/s (95% CI 0.16‐2.25, I 2 =83%), peripheral PWV by 1.17 m/s (95% CI 0.17‐2.17, I 2 =79%), and brachial‐ankle PWV by 1.21 m/s (95% CI 0.66‐1.75, I 2 =0%) was observed. Central PP (reported in 4 studies) decreased by 4.75 mm Hg (95% CI 0.78–10.28, I 2 =50%). Augmentation index (reported in 7 studies) decreased by 10.5% (95% CI 6.9‐14.1, I 2 =64%). A meta‐regression analysis showed that the timing of assessment post‐ KT x was the major source of the residual variance. Conclusions This meta‐analysis suggests a reduction of the overall arterial stiffness in patients with end‐stage kidney disease after KT x.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".