Differential regulation of skeletal muscle myofilament protein expression in sepsis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background & Aims: Sepsis triggers skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction and fiber atrophy. In this study, we evaluated the differential effects of sepsis on the ventilatory and limb muscle fiber atrophy and tested whether sepsis-induced fiber atrophy is the result of decreased expression of various myofilament proteins. Methods: Adult C57/Bl6 mice underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP group) to induce severe sepsis. Group 2 underwent sham surgical procedure (Sham group). The diaphragm (DIA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were examined after 24, 48 and 96h of the surgical procedure. Fiber atrophy was quantified from muscle fiber cross sectional areas. Myofilament proteins were quantified both at the mRNA and protein levels using qPCR and immunoblotting. Results: Sepsis triggered transient DIA fiber atrophy (24h) whereas more persistent fiber atrophy was evident in the TA (24, 48 and 96h). In addition, mRNA and protein levels of Myosin Heavy Chain (MyHC), Myosin Light Chain (MyLC), Troponin-T, Troponin-C and Tropomyosin were strongly decreased both in the DIA and TA by sepsis while α-Actin and Troponin-I levels were not influenced by sepsis. The decrease in MyHC and MyLC protein contents was sustained even after 96h of sepsis while the decline in Troponin-T, Troponin-I, Troponin-C and Tropomyosin mRNA and protein levels was restricted to 24 and 48h after induction of sepsis. Conclusions: Sepsis triggers more severe and sustained muscle atrophy in limb muscles than in the diaphragm. Sepsis-induced atrophy is caused by decreased contractile and regulatory myofilament protein levels as a result of both increased proteolysis and decreased transcription.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".