Bibliographic record
Abstract
T here is an abundance of horror stories about the practice of solitary confi nement, and plenty of voices calling for its end as a cruel and counter-rehabilitative practice.However, there have also been scant few full-scale proposals detailing exactly how solitary confi nement could be eliminated in Canada.In an eff ort to change this, on 28 November 2016 Prisoners' Legal Services (PLS) released Solitary: A Case for Abolition -a 112-page report that off ers a variety of solutions supported by historical research, academic articles and precedents from other jurisdictions -to address the issues currently responded to using solitary confi nement.The primary purpose of the report is to initiate discussions aimed at fi nally ending solitary confi nement, also known as segregation and separate confi nement in the Canadian federal and British Columbian prison systems respectively.The scale and complexity of such a process is not lost on PLS.We understand the process will likely take years of reform.However, Solitary: A Case for Abolition contains a comprehensive collection of current research and recommendations that, if implemented, could form a fi rm foundation for future dialogue in working committees or meetings between correctional organizations and stakeholders like PLS.PLS is a legal clinic located in Burnaby, British Columbia that started off as a branch offi ce of the BC Legal Services Society (BC legal aid) in 1980 and continued as a Legal Services Society-funded non-profi t in 2002.Executive Director Jennifer Metcalfe oversees a small team of legal advocates and administrative staff who strive to further the organization's mandate of protecting British Columbian prisoners' liberty rights as enshrined under section seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Under this section, individuals in Canada are protected from government-imposed deprivation of their right to life, liberty and security of the person except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.Complaints regarding solitary confi nement -defi ned by the United Nations as "the confi nement of prisoners for 22 hours or more a day without meaningful human contact" -from prisoners in both federal and provincial institutions across BC are commonly raised at PLS.On a day-to-day basis, PLS provides a range of support for clients in such circumstances: summary advice over one of our six phone lines; written advocacy; and
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".