Stakeholder Participation in Developing Sustainability Indicators for a European Northern Periphery Tourism System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many European northern periphery (NP) communities are likely to experience increased and complex environmental, social and economic impacts of tourism in the near future. Therefore, approaches that see tourism as included in complex socio-ecological systems are critical for identifying and assessing sustainability indicators in the NP specifically. This study aims to develop and assess systemic sustainability indicators for tourism in Vatnajokull National Park (VNP), Iceland, and adjacent communities, based on public participation, and to discuss the usefulness of the approach in NP tourism. Interviews with tourism stakeholders in VNP identified eighteen sustainability indicators for VNP. The interconnectedness of these indicators and their role within the system were analyzed by applying a systemic indicator method. The results show five indicators that are currently most influential for the tourism system in VNP and to be the major driving forces for local tourism development: ‘destination attractiveness’, ‘economic seasonality’, ‘social carrying capacity’, ‘societal seasonality’ and ‘local economy’. The smallest change in any of these indicators has major effects on other indicators. Moreover, these five indicators are more important for the sustainability of the community than any external factors. This study concludes that a systemic approach to sustainability indicators can help identify important sustainability issues and is thus especially useful in NP communities where tourism is not a prioritized development path in policies, despite being identified as economically significant. Keywords: sustainability indicator, tourism, systems analysis, northern periphery, stakeholder involvement, public participation. Participation des parties prenantes a l'elaboration d'indicateurs de durabilite pour un systeme touristique europeen de la peripherie nord Resume De nombreuses communautes de la peripherie du nord europeenne (PN) devraient subir dans un proche avenir l'augmentation et la complexite des impacts environnementaux, sociaux et economiques du tourisme. Ainsi, les approches qui considerent le tourisme comme faisant partie de systemes socio-ecologiques complexes sont essentielles pour identifier et evaluer les indicateurs de viabilite dans la PN en particulier. Cette etude vise a developper et a evaluer des indicateurs systemiques de durabilite pour le tourisme dans le parc national de Vatnajokull (VNP), en Islande et dans les communautes adjacentes, sur la base de la participation du public ainsi qu' a discuter de l'utilite de l'approche en tourisme du NP. Les entretiens avec les acteurs du tourisme du PNV ont identifie 18 indicateurs de durabilite pour le PNV. L'interconnexion de ces indicateurs et leur role au sein du systeme ont ete analyses en appliquant une methode d'indicateur systemique. Les resultats montrent que cinq indicateurs sont actuellement les plus influents pour le systeme de tourisme dans le PNV et constituent les principaux moteurs du developpement du tourisme local: 'attrait des destinations', 'saisonnalite economique', 'capacite de charge sociale', 'saisonnalite societale' et 'l'economie locale'. Le moindre changement dans l’un de ces indicateurs a des effets majeurs sur les autres indicateurs. De plus, ces cinq indicateurs sont plus importants pour la viabilite de la communaute que tout facteur externe. Cette etude conclut qu'une approche systemique des indicateurs de viabilite peut aider a identifier d'importants problemes de durabilite et est donc particulierement utile dans les communautes de PN ou le tourisme n'est pas un axe de developpement prioritaire dans les politiques, bien qu'il soit considere comme economiquement significatif.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".