Citizenship Education and Liberal Democratic Change: The Egyptian Case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores citizenship education in Egypt in the context of its current experience in liberal democratic change, especially after the amendment of Egypt's constitution, in March 2007, to include the principle of citizenship in its first article. The paper begins with exploring the meaning of citizenship, the relationship between citizenship and liberal democratic change and the emergence of citizenship education in traditional western democracies. Then it describes the Egyptian case in citizenship education with reference to its modern historical background. Finally it analyzes the effects of political, economic, and social circumstances in Egypt on citizenship education. The study shows that there is awareness of the importance of preparing good citizens for a new democratic society in Egypt; but citizenship education is still marginalized. Cet article explore l’enseignement de la citoyenneté en Egypte lors du changement démocratique libéral survenu après l’amendement de la Constitution égyptienne en mars 2007 qui a inclus les principes de la citoyenneté dans son premier article. Cet article commence tout d’abord par explorer ce que citoyenneté veut dire. Il cherche ensuite à analyser la relation qui existe entre citoyenneté et changement démocratique libéral et enfin à examiner l’émergence de l’enseignement dans les démocraties occidentales traditionnelles. Il décrit par la suite le cas de l’enseignement de la citoyenneté en Egypte tout en se basant sur ses origines historiques modernes. Il analyse enfin l’influence des circonstances politiques, économiques et sociales égyptiennes sur l’éducation de la citoyenneté. Cette étude démontre l’existence d’une réelle conscience quant à l’importance de préparer de bons citoyens pour l’avenir de la nouvelle société égyptienne, bien que cette éducation soit encore très marginalisée.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".