Pneumothorax in chronically ventilated neuromuscular and chest wall restricted patients: A case series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Pneumothorax can occur in chronically ventilated neuromuscular and chest wall-restricted patients using noninvasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) and airway clearance techniques. Limited descriptions of these cases and their management exist in the literature.OBJECTIVES: To understand the unique considerations in diagnosis and management of pneumothorax in the neuromuscular and chest wall-restricted patient population.METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed at the Peter Lougheed Neuromuscular Respiratory Clinic between 2006 and 2017. A case series of six patients is presented.RESULTS: Median duration of HMV at time of the pneumothorax was 3 years (range 0.25-9 years). Five patients used airway clearance techniques. The mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 1.0 L (27% predicted). Patients had a low mean body mass index (BMI) of 16 ± 3 kg/m2. Five of 6 patients required chest tube and had prolonged air leak (>48 hours). Four of 6 had recurrent pneumothoraces. One patient received chemical pleurodesis.CONCLUSIONS: Clinical suspicion and rapid diagnosis are necessary for pneumothorax in neuromuscular and chest wall-restricted patients dependent on HMV. CT imaging of the chest may be necessary. Management can include: reducing ventilator pressure settings, suspending airway clearance techniques and chest tube insertion. Chemical or surgical pleurodesis are felt to be high risk; however, recurrent pneumothorax was frequent in this cohort. Low BMI raises the possible association between malnutrition and risk of pneumothorax in patients receiving HMV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".