NO2 Exposure and Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations in Calgary, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Air pollution is a leading public health concern. This research investigated the health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on myocardial infarction (MI) in Calgary, Canada. Seasonal trend decomposition and hot spot analysis were applied exploring the spatial and seasonal pattern of MI. Both males and females followed a seasonal pattern with MI peaks in winter and summer. MI exhibited spatial clustering over communities with a larger proportion of older people, lower socioeconomic status, and proximity to industrial areas. A space-time model integrating harmonic regression and land use regression model was applied to estimate air pollution at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. providing accurate air pollution exposure for health risk studies. The varying association between MI and NO2 was examined with spatial autoregressive model (SAR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR), which accounts for spatial autocorrelation and spatial non-stationarity in MI. Result indicated that NO2 had a positive significant association with MI hospitalizations. However, the size and significance declined when age and gender were accounted for. By identifying potential factors in the hot spots, new evidence may be found to aid understanding of MI etiology. The advantage of this research is the space-time air pollution estimates at DA level, which enables reliable risk assessment at fine spatial scale. Further research shall be done with approach of multilevel model or hierarchic model to account for both individual and contextual factors. The research provides important information for health promotion. By raising the awareness regarding the spatial variation of air pollution, people may be able to further protect themselves from areas with relatively higher air pollution concentrations, especially for those vulnerable population such as elderly and people with asthma. It is helpful for policy makers and health researchers in targeting efforts and resources to areas in most needs. Overall, the air quality in Calgary is good, under the World Health Organization air pollution guidelines. Air pollution research in a cleaner area such as Calgary shows further indications about health impacts of air pollution at an acceptable level, which may shed new light regarding threshold research and further improvement of the existed air pollution guidelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".