Evolutionary GEM: Evolution of Cytochrome c Oxidase IV Regulation in Mammals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aerobic respiration, although metabolically advantageous in O2-rich environments, can be detrimental to the cell when O2 is not fully reduced resulting in cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX-4) is primarily responsible for fully reducing O2 during metabolism and exists as COX4-1 and COX4-2 isoforms. The former exists in normoxia, but is replaced by the latter in hypoxia. This change is brought about by two mechanisms, the first involving regulation by hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which directly upregulates COX4-2 and indirectly degrades COX4-1. The second mechanism involves an oxygen responsive element (ORE), which upregulates COX4-2 in a HIF-1 independent manner. The convergence of two unrelated pathways to regulate COX4-1 and COX4-2 would allow cells to optimize their metabolic profile within an environment experiencing varying O2, such as Earth’s early atmosphere in the case of primitive aerobic bacteria or in multicellular organisms where O2 levels vary between tissues such as lung tissue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".