Contiguous Territories: The Expanded Use of Expedited Removal in the Trump Era
Bibliographic record
Abstract
EXPEDITED REMOVAL UNDER INA § 235The Immigration and Nationality Act ("INA") contains a littleknown provision that permits the physical return of individuals who enter from "contiguous territories" (i.e., Mexico or Canada) pending their removal proceedings before a United States immigration judge. 1 The statute, interestingly, only applies to those who enter from those countries, and there is no requirement that the person actually be a citizen or national of either Mexico or Canada. 2 Furthermore, the provision is embedded within the "expedited removal" section, INA § 235, 8 U.S.C. § 1225; but importantly, the person subjected to the contiguous territories provision is not "deported" immediately but made to wait outside the U.S. during his judicial removal proceedings.3 There is thus a "legal fiction" created by the statutory scheme whereby a person is "in" the U.S. for purposes of jurisdiction over his or her INA § 240, 8 U.S.C. §1229a, removal proceedings, while technically
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".