Recycling of Rare Earth Element from Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Utilizing Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The anode of nickel metal hydride battery contains about 30 wt% of rare earth elements, namely, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium. These elements are in increasing high demand, but facing supply uncertainty and near zero recycling. Current recycling practices rely on either pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy. The former is highly energy intensive and the latter relies on large volumes of acids and organic solvents, generating large volumes of hazardous residues. This study put the emphasis on developing an innovative and environmentally sustainable process for the urban mining of rare earth elements from nickel metal hydride battery. The developed process relies on supercritical fluid extraction utilizing CO2 as the solvent. This process is very efficient because it runs at low temperature, and does not produce hazardous waste, while recovering about 90% of rare earth elements.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it