Relevance of exosomes with structural changes of white matter and cognitive impairment in patients with PD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relevance of exosomes with structural changes of white matter and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Methods: 60 patients with PD were selected between January 2013 and December 2015. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to their cognitive function: PD-N group, PD-M group and PDD group. General characteristics were collected and analysed. The movement functions of PD patients were evaluated by the UPDRS and Hoehn-Yahr (modified) rating scale. Patients with cognitive impairment were evaluated with the MMSE and the MoCA. The GE 3.0 T MRI was used for examination. All the cases were scanned with routine MRI sequence and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequence. Fractional Anisotropy (FA) was measured for white matter nerve fibers of different brain regions of interest. The serum levels of TNF-α and α-synuclein were measured by ELISA. Results: The UPDRS and Hoehn-Yahr scale of PD increased gradually with the exacerbation of cognitive impairment (P<0.05). The proportion of Parkinson’s dementia in the middle and late group was significantly higher than that in the early group (P<0.05), while the proportion of the middle and late group with cognitive function was significantly lower than that of the early group (P<0.05). 21 out of 36 patients with normal MMSE scores had abnormal MoCA scores. Logistic regression analysis showing that the corpus callosum may be specific for the brain white matter; and so did the left temporal lobe and corpus callosum knee. The spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between regional brain white matter and Parkinson’s cognitive function. The levels of TNF-α and α-synuclein in the PD group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: There should be a certain relationship between serum exosomes containing α-synuclein and cognitive impairment in PD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".