Intramuscular Cysts at the Proximal Calf: Two Case Reports and a Systematic Review of Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intramuscular cysts at the proximal calf are rare; however, their etiology is diverse, making accurate diagnosis and treatment difficult. To our knowledge, there are no previous publications in literature about intramuscular cysts at the proximal calf, arising from different origins. This article describes two rare cases with intramuscular cysts. Case 1 was diagnosed as an intramuscular ganglion cyst arising from the proximal gastrocnemius medialis muscle, and arthroscopic examination as well as open cyst excision was performed. Case 2 was another type, which has never been reported in the literature. It was diagnosed as diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), with the intramuscular cyst arising from PVNS, and only arthroscopic synovectomy was performed. The diagnoses for these cases were confirmed by histopathology. In addition, we have summarized intramuscular cysts at the proximal calf by a systematic literature review and divided them into five types based on their origin. The five types are, intramuscular cysts arising from the muscular tissue, knee joint, proximal tibiofibular joint, the neurilemma and PVNS. The treatment of intramuscular cysts varies based on their origin; hence, it is important to identify the origin. J Med Cases. 2018;9(2):45-51 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2984w
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".