Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis investigates the relationship between the films in Richard Linklater's "Before" series, Before Sunrise (1995), Before Sunset (2004), and Before Midnight (2013).Linklater's career is full of experiments with narrative structure and time.But, the "Before" series is unique among these experiments, and among other series, because of the strategy Linklater used to produce it: what this thesis refers to as Linklater's strategy of duration.This thesis argues that Linklater uses his strategy of duration to explore what it means to be in time.In turn, this creates a temporal experience for the spectator that highlights being in time and their own temporality.Situating this series amongst various approaches to temporality showcases how its simple story belies a complex and multifaceted expression of being in time. Introduction: Linklater's Strategy of DurationThis thesis investigates the relationship between the films in Richard Linklater's "Before" series.The "Before" series is produced with a strategy of duration that ties the films together narratively and temporally.This unique temporal relationship between the films creates a unique temporal experience for the spectator.This thesis argues that Linklater uses his strategy of duration to explore what it means to be in time.In turn, this creates a temporal experience for the spectator that highlights being in time 1 and their own temporality.This thesis will substantiate these claims with close readings of the films of the "Before" series, Before Sunrise (1995), Before Sunset (2004), and Before Midnight (2013), and by situating this series within various approaches to temporality.Linklater is well known for his film Boyhood (2014).That film followed Mason (Ellar Coltrane) from the age of six to eighteen.It is one movie, but it took twelve years to make.Linklater returned to the same characters and story in yearly increments.Through an editing strategy that condensed those twelve years into three hours, Linklater transformed the process of a young boy and his family growing up into the narrative of his film.But, before Boyhood, Linklater had a history of experimenting with narrative structure and time.The "most sustained" of these experiments is the 1 The phrase "being in time" is famously related to the philosophy and work of Martin Heidegger.However, for this thesis, it will be used in relation to the philosophies of Henri Bergson, Paul Ricoeur, and R.G. Collingwood, and to a state of duration and passing time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".