Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis investigates the development of proto-eugenic thought and policy in Porfirian Mexico and how those ideas were important to the Mexican eugenics movement of the twentieth-century.Proto-eugenics is the name given to the ideas of biological and racial improvement developed by leading Mexican thinkers in the late nineteenth-century, until the Mexican Revolution of 1910.Proto-eugenic thought was most concerned with eliminating immoral and degenerate traits that could be passed down from parent to child, and encouraging those with prized traits to have children.Through discussion of writings on criminality and education, this thesis argues that proto-eugenic thought had a large influence on the development of Mexican eugenics in the twentieth-century, and the importance of proto-eugenic thought on nationalism in the Porfiriato.It is important to understand how proto-eugenic science was created in order to investigate the development of eugenic social policy in the twentieth-century.years.Diaz's government built railroads, centralized government power and built an efficient rural police force to combat bandits.The científicos (technical experts) who were associated with the Porfirian government were the main group of intellectuals who developed and espoused the criminological and positivist thought that will be examined.The Porfiriato included more stability in government and rapid industrialization, but the Porfirian government also used authoritarian ruling techniques in order to portray a strong government and a peaceful country to the outside world.Díaz's policies restricted political opposition and free speech, and these measures were justified as the best way for the government to keep order in the country.3 The científicos were scientists who gained the favour of Porfirio Díaz, and used their influence to suggest government policies that followed scientific and positivist ideas.Proto-eugenic ideas display one of the weaknesses that led to the end of the Porfirian regime; Díaz's unwillingness to expand his base of supporters beyond the elite.Historians William H. Beezley and Colin M. MacLachlan conclude that the middle classes were expecting to be rewarded by the Porfirian government for their ability to rise out of the working class, but were frustrated when they were not accepted into the political sphere, which led to the middle class' disconnection from the government.4 Proto-eugenic ideas created a hierarchy of 'civility' within Porfirian society, and the middle class were people who had accepted and internalized that hierarchy, but instead of being rewarded for progressing, middle class people still received the message that they were not yet the ideal citizen, they still had to 3 Monica A.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".