Carcass characteristics of grass-fed crossbred bulls and steers slaughtered at two different ages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate beef production potential and meat quality in young crossbred bulls and steers raised indoors and fed grass-based diets. One half of 96 bull calves were castrated at 2–3 wk of age. The calves were fed standard diets, and starting at 7 mo of age, they received grass silage supplemented with concentrates. At the end of the fattening period (18 and 21 mo of age), the animals were slaughtered, carcass quality was evaluated, and samples of musculus longissimus thoracis were collected to determine the proximate composition and meat quality. The semi-intensive feeding system contributed to higher daily gains (0.835 kg) in Holstein-Friesian (HF) × Hereford (HH) crosses. In comparison with steers, bulls were characterized by a higher dressing percentage (+1.33%), higher weight of five most valuable primal cuts (+6.7 kg), and higher lean meat content of three-rib cuts (+7.54%). Meat from steer carcasses, which had higher fat content was more tender and had desirable aroma, juiciness, and flavor. In semi-intensive production systems, steers performed better than bulls, and HF × HH crosses were more suitable than HF × Limousin (LM) and HF × Charolais (CH) crosses. Dairy-beef crosses should be slaughtered at 21 mo of age to improve carcass quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".