Dynamic Stability of Deep and Slender Wide-Flange Steel Columns – Full Scale Experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In North America, a common design practice for steel frame buildings with perimeter steel special moment frames (SMFs) is to employ deep and slender wide-flange steel columns (i.e., range of column depth, d > 16 inches). Till recently, very little was known regarding the hysteretic behavior of such members because of lack of available experimental data. This paper discusses selective findings from a full-scale testing program that was conducted at EÌcole Polytechnique MontreÌal with the use of a 6-degree-of-freedom experimental setup. The testing program investigated the cyclic behavior of 10 full-scale beam-columns. The specimens had a depth of 24 inches (i.e., W24x146 and W24x84 cross-sections) and were subjected under various lateral-loading protocols coupled with constant compressive axial load. The boundary conditions of the specimens simulated a fixed support at the column base and a flexible boundary at the column top end to mimic the flexibility of a beam-to-column connection at the floor level. The tested specimens represented typical interior first-story columns in mid-rise steel SMFs. This paper summarizes the main observations related to the effect of local and global slenderness ratios on the cyclic behavior of beam-columns. The effect of bidirectional lateral loading on the dynamic stability of beam-columns is also addressed. Observations related to the effect of the employed loading history as well as the lateral bracing force design requirements on steel wide- flange beam-columns are also provided based on the available experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".