Association of Antibiotic Utilization and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates without Proven Sepsis or Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective is to evaluate the association between antibiotic utilization and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 21 months' corrected age among extremely low gestational age neonates without culture-proven sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants born between April 2009 and September 2011 at <29 weeks' gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care units contributing data to the Canadian Neonatal Network. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine the primary composite outcome of death or significant neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) in infants with various antibiotic utilization rates (AURs). RESULT: There were 1,373 infants who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Compared with infants in the lowest AUR quartile (Q1), those in the highest quartile (Q4) had higher odds of death or sNDI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.55, 12.2) and death (AOR = 39.3; 95% CI: 16.1, 95.9). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an association between high AUR and a composite outcome of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 21 months' corrected age.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it