Fresh Cut Versus Stored Cut Paraffin-embedded Tissue: Effect on Immunohistochemical Staining for Common Breast Cancer Markers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The proper handling of unstained paraffin slides for immunohistochemistry has been a matter of debate, with several studies demonstrating loss of antigenicity with prolonged storage at room temperature, 4°C and -20°C. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term storage of unstained slides at -80°C would impact the staining intensity and expression distribution of markers used to molecularly subtype breast cancer specimens [estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cytokeratin 5 (CK5), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Ki67]. The staining pattern of previously unstained breast tumor slides (n=39 to 64) stored at -80°C for a minimum of 9.93 years (avg., 12.8 y) was compared with the staining pattern of fresh cut slides from the same tumors. The Allred scoring method was used to score ER (0 to 2, negative; 3 to 8, positive), CK5 (≥4, positive), and EGFR (≥4, positive). ASCO/CAP guidelines were used to assess HER2 (0/1+, 2+, or 3+). Ki67 scores were determined based on the proportion of cells stained of any intensity, with 20% staining used as a cut-off. Agreement was assessed using concordance rates and chance-corrected agreement statistics. The chance-corrected agreements were as follows: 0.94 (38/39) for ER, 0.92 (53/55) for CK5, 0.87 (61/64) for EGFR, 0.86 (37/39) for HER2, and 0.67 (46/54) for Ki67. Long-term storage of cut unstained slides at -80°C does not significantly impact the scoring interpretation of ER, CK5, EGFR, and HER2.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it