L’Éducation des filles congolaises au maquis de Mulele : Arme de libération ou force d’(auto)destruction?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Depuis ses origines remontant au temps colonial, l’école congolaise est marquée par l’absence d’une relation dialectique «Ecole-Société » pouvant aboutir à un système harmonieux. Cette carence entraine la déculturation et le dualisme culturel au sein des structures éducatives. L’école maquisarde instituée par Mulele dans le Kwilu, présente un projet d’éducation compatible à la culture africaine. Dans cet article, nous donnons la voix aux maquisards (élèves et enseignants) qui racontent de leur vécu durant les années de la rébellion ; expériences qui seront qualifiés par les auteurs contre leur contexte historique et leurs mérites éducatifs. Notre question centrale consiste à savoir les effets de la dite insurrection sur l’éducation des filles. Qu’est-ce que la révolution leur a apporté de nouveau ? Comment s’organisaient les enseignements dans le maquis ? A quoi le rejet de la culture occidentale a-t-elle abouti ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous servons des expériences scolaires de 20 élèves et 12 enseignants qui soulignent les enjeux majeurs de l’éducation maquisarde. Nous nous limitons à la province du Kwilu, siège de la rébellion muleliste. En plus des entretiens, nos sources proviennent des archives des Sœurs Annonciades d’Heverlee et du carnet de notes tenu par un chef d’équipe des maquisards rencontré à Kikwit.Since its inception in the colonial period, the Congolese school has been characterised by the absence of a “School-Society” dialectical relationship, which could potentially lead to a harmonious system. This deficiency leads to deculturation and cultural dualism within educational structures. The “resistance” school set up by Mulele in the Kwilu region offers an educational approach that is compatible with African culture. In this article, we let members of the maquis (students and teachers) talk about their experiences during the years of the rebellion; experiences that are qualified by the authors against their historical background and educational merits. Our key question concerns the effects of the insurrection on the education of girls. What new elements did the revolution bring them? How was teaching organised in the maquis? What did the rejection of Western culture lead to? To answer these questions, we look at the experiences of 20 pupils and 12 teachers which highlight the major issues facing education in the maquis. Here, we limit ourselves to the province of Kwilu, the heart of the rebellion led by Mulele. In addition to the interviews, our sources include the archives of the Annonciades Sisters of Heverlee and the notebook kept by a team leader of the maquisards met in Kikwit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".