Evaluation of factors affecting biological treatability of flare pit waste in western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The upstream oil and gas industry used flare pits (FPs) for decades to store and/or burn produced fluids generated at well sites, compressor stations, and batteries. FPs usually contain high levels of hydrocarbons, metals, and salts that could inhibit the microbial activity during bioremediation. Slurry- and solid-phase laboratory treatability experiments demonstrated that they serve as a potential effective screening tool for developing treatability predictions for FP waste. Slurry-phase experiments investigated the effects of salinity, nutrient, soil type, and temperature on the ultimate biotreatability of FP waste. The primary effect of soil type was highly significant; with higher clay content resulting in lower biodégradation. Temperature (30°C/40°C), salinity (up to 40 dS/m) and nutrient (up to 700 mg N/L) did not show any statistically significant primary or interaction effects on hydrocarbon degradations. The major portion of the hydrocarbons was biodegraded within 10 to 70 days resulting in overall Oil and Grease (O&G) removal of 18 to 40%. Two separate slurry biotreatment experiments based on factorial design studied the effects of two metals (cadmium and zinc) and their interaction effects with salinity on hydrocarbon biodégradations in FP waste. The results showed 42 - 52.5% hydrocarbons were removed in the slurries spiked with Cd, and 47 - 62.5% in the slurries spiked with Zn. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that primary effect of cadmium and cadmium-salinity interaction effect were statistically significant. Zinc's primary effect and zinc-salinity interaction effect on hydrocarbon degradations were statistically insignificant, but its quadratic effect was significant. Solid-phase bioremediation study employing a statistical fractional factorial experimental design investigated the effects of nitrogen (500, 1,250, or 2,000 mg/kg of soil), phosphorus (100, 250, or 400 mg/kg of soil), salinity (0, 20, or 40 dS/m), and incubation temperature (20°, 30°, and 40° C) on hydrocarbons biodégradation in the soil contaminated with FP hydrocarbons over a period of 270 days. The highest O&G reduction was 34% in the soils incubated at 30° C Soil temperature had significant influence on biodégradation rates. High phosphorus levels (up to 400 mg P/kg) had no detrimental effect, while high salinity levels reduced the hydrocarbon biodégradation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".