Effects of Fenugreek Seeds on the Severity and Duration of Pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea in the Students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2016)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a common disorder that manifests during the menstrual cycle, causing cramps in the lower abdomen. The discomfort interferes in the daily activities of the individual. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seeds on the severity and duration of pain in primary dysmenorrhea in the students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The subjects were equally divided into two groups of intervention (Fenugreek seeds) and control (placebo). Medications were administered for two months. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, McGill pain questionnaire, and multidimensional speech scale before the intervention and one and two months after the medication administration. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19 using independent and paired t-test and Chi-square at the significance level of <0.05. Results: In the group receiving Fenugreek seeds, mean duration and severity of primary dysmenorrhea pain decreased significantly at the end of the first and second cycle of the intervention (P<0.01). Moreover, mean number of the analgesics used in the intervention group significantly reduced compared to the control group at the end of the first and second cycle of the intervention, while the mean number of menstruating days increased with a significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion: Considering the positive impact of fenugreek seeds on reducing the severity and duration of the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea with fewer side-effects than chemical drugs, it is recommended that this herbal compound be used in the treatment of this disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".