Determinants of brain natriuretic peptide gene expression and secretion in acute cardiac allograft rejection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Circulating levels of the cardiac hormone brain natriuretic peptide in heart transplant patients may increase before and during an acute rejection episode. A similar increase in atrial natriuretic factor does not occur. This article reviews the possible significance of these findings. RECENT FINDINGS: During acute cardiac allograft rejection episodes, brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels may increase well above baseline values. This increase is not the result of hemodynamic changes because brain natriuretic peptide levels during International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3 rejection do not correlate with various hemodynamic parameters, and atrial natriuretic factor levels are not affected. Similar results were observed in experimentally induced autoimmune myocarditis. In-vitro data showed that some proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are capable of selectively increasing brain natriuretic peptide gene expression and secretion in cardiocyte cultures. SUMMARY: Atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide are usually co-regulated. Findings in heart allograft recipients, in experimentally induced myocarditis, and in vitro suggest that, unlike atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide is uniquely related to inflammation. These findings may translate into biomarkers or therapies for cardiac allograft rejection or myocarditis and may explain the existence of two hormones with nearly identical biologic properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".