131 Prostate Cancer Incidence and Severity in Testosterone-treated vs. Untreated Hypogonadal Men: Real-life Experience from more than 5500 Patients Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is no evidence that testosterone therapy (TTh) in men with hypogonadism increases prostate cancer (PCa) incidence or severity. Canadian authors recently found that long-term TTh decreased the risk of PCa diagnosis (Wallis et al. Lancet Diab Endocrinol 2016; 4:498), confirmed by a German group (Yassin et al. Aging Male 2017;20:125). We assessed incidence and severity of PCa in hypogonadal men on long-term TTh (T-group) in comparison to an untreated hypogonadal control group (CTRL). 400 men with testosterone ≤350 ng/dL and symptoms of hypogonadism received testosterone undecanoate 1000 mg every 3 months for up to 10 years. 376 hypogonadal men opted against TTh. Median follow-up: 8 years. Prostate volume (PV) and PSA were measured and digital rectal examination/ transrectal ultrasound performed before treatment initiation and then every 3-6 months in treated and every 12 months in untreated patients. Biopsies were performed when indicated according to EAU guidelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".