Clinical Outcomes of Myocardial Bridging versus No Myocardial Bridging in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the prevalence and clinical effects of myocardial bridging (MB) in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Angiograms from 212 AHCM patients were reviewed to identify MB. The patients were classified into 2 groups: AHCM with and AHCM without MB. We reviewed patient records on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, symptoms, CV events, and CV mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In all, 60 patients with MB and 100 without MB were included. Rates of angina (61.7 vs. 40%; <i>p</i> = 0.008), mimicking non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (15 vs. 3%, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III/IV angina (18.3 vs. 4%; <i>p</i> = 0.003) were higher in patients with MB than in those without. Mean follow-up periods (65.5 ± 50.5 vs. 64.4 ± 43.6 months, <i>p</i> = 0.378) and CV mortality (3.3 vs. 1%; p = 0.652) were similar in the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier estimates demonstrated that CV event-free survival rates were lower in patients with MB than in those without (71.7 vs. 88%; <i>p</i> = 0.022). MB, late gadolinium enhancement, and female sex were independent risk factors for CV events in a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for other risk factors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> More serious symptoms and a higher risk of CV events were observed in AHCM<b><i></i></b> patients with MB than in those without MB. CV mortality was similar in these 2 groups.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it