Optical Properties of Trinuclear Citrate Complexes Containing 4f and 5f Block Metals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The speciation and coordination geometries of M(III)-citrate complexes in aqueous solutions, where M denotes Eu, Tb, Lu, or Cm, are studied using potentiometric titration, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Their photophysical properties are also characterized by time-resolved fluorescence spectra. The formation constants of mononuclear, dinuclear, and trinuclear Lu-citrate species, i.e., [Lu(Cit)2]3−, [Lu2(OH)2(Cit)2]2−, and [Lu3(OH)4(Cit)4]7−, were determined as 9.78 ± 0.30, 3.60 ± 0.30, and 1.02 ± 0.03, respectively, by potentiometric titration in 3.00 M NaClO4 aqueous media. Terminal carboxylic conformation in trinuclear complexes comprised both the five- and six-membered rings at different exchanging rates. Hydration states evaluated for Eu3+ ions are the chemical formula of [Eu(Cit)2(H2O)2.5]3− and [Eu3(OH)4(Cit)4(H2O)3.4]7−. These complexes in aqueous solution have geometrical similarity to the crystal structures in the literature. Furthermore, the entity of the hetero-trinuclear complex induces the intramolecular energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+. The incorporation of Cm3+ into these homo/hetero-trinuclear citrate complexes proved to be a successful trial to probe the formation of actinide polymer at a trace level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".