Menstrual Disturbances in Athletes: A Focus on Luteal Phase Defects
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subtle menstrual disturbances that affect the largest proportion of physically active women and athletes include luteal phase defects (LPD). Disorders of the luteal phase, characterized by poor endometrial maturation as a result of inadequate progesterone (P4) production and short luteal phases, are associated with infertility and habitual spontaneous abortions. In recreational athletes, the 3-month sample prevalence and incidence rate of LPD and anovulatory menstrual cycles is 48% and 79%, respectively. A high proportion of active women present with LPD cycles in an intermittent and inconsistent manner. These LPD cycles are characterized by reduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during the luteal-follicular transition, a somewhat blunted luteinizing hormone surge, decreased early follicular phase estradiol excretion, and decreased luteal phase P4 excretion both with and without a shortened luteal phase. LPD cycles in active women are associated with a metabolic hormone profile indicative of a hypometabolic state that is similar to that observed in amenorrheic athletes but not as comprehensive or severe. These metabolic alterations include decreased serum total triiodothyronine (T3), leptin, and insulin levels. Bone mineral density in these women is apparently not reduced, provided an adequate estradiol environment is maintained despite decreased P4. The high prevalence of LPD warrants further investigation to assess health risks and preventive strategies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it