Earth Observation-based Monitoring of Volcanoes - the contribution of the International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters' is an international consortium of space agencies and satellite operators that aims at providing a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery to those affected by natural or man-made disasters. The Charter was founded by the European, the French and the Canadian space agencies (ESA, CNES and CSA) in the year 2000. Following countries subsequently joined the Charter: the USA, India, Argentina, Japan, UK, China, Germany, Korea, Brazil, Russia, Bolivia and the Arab Emirates. Also the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is a Charter member. This article presents the activities of the Charter in the context of Earth Observation-based disaster monitoring of large volcanic eruptions. In the last 18 years the Charter has been activated 34 times due to larger volcanic events, starting with the eruption of Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy in 2001 to the currently on-going eruptions on Papua New Guinea's Kadovar Island and of Philippines' most active volcano, Mount Mayon. Since 2010 the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is member of the Charter and contributes RADAR imagery of the TerraSAR-X mission, RapidEye optical imagery as well as Value Adding, i.e. the extraction of relevant crisis information from satellite data and the transfer of this information into geo-information products, such as maps. Focus of this article is the 16 volcano-related Charter activations where DLR was actively involved.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".