Effect of Injection Site on Carbenicillin Pharmacokinetics in the Carpet Python, Morelia spilota
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The premise that drugs should not be injected into the caudal body of reptiles because they will be carried by the renal portal system to the kidneys and rapidly excreted was tested by comparing the pharmacokinetics of carbenicillin in carpet pythons, Morelia spilota , injected anteriorly with those injected posteriorly. Seven carpet pythons were treated with 200 mg/kg carbenicillin administered intramuscularly. Three were injected anteriorly and four posteriorly. Serial blood samples were withdrawn over a period of 120 hr. Carbenicillin blood levels were measured over each time period and results used to calculate maximum carbenicillin plasma level, time of maximum plasma level, terminal half-life, area under the curve, volume of distribution and total body clearance. The study was repeated five months later with those snakes that were previously injected anteriorly now being injected posteriorly and vice versa. Blood was taken and the same parameters calculated. Following all calculations no significant differences in pharmacologic parameters were found based on injection site. Dissection of three dead carpet pythons determined that renal portal anatomy was the same as that described for other python species. Radio-opaque dye was injected in the caudal vein of one python and observed radiographically to pass via the afferent renal portal veins through the kidneys and enter the efferent renal portal veins.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it