Effect of Injection Site on Carbenicillin Pharmacokinetics in the Carpet Python, Morelia spilota
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The premise that drugs should not be injected into the caudal body of reptiles because they will be carried by the renal portal system to the kidneys and rapidly excreted was tested by comparing the pharmacokinetics of carbenicillin in carpet pythons, Morelia spilota, injected anteriorly with those injected posteriorly. Seven carpet pythons were treated with 200 mg/kg carbenicillin administered intramuscularly. Three were injected anteriorly and four posteriorly. Serial blood samples were withdrawn over a period of 120 hr. Carbenicillin blood levels were measured over each time period and results used to calculate maximum carbenicillin plasma level, time of maximum plasma level, terminal half-life, area under the curve, volume of distribution and total body clearance. The study was repeated five months later with those snakes that were previously injected anteriorly now being injected posteriorly and vice versa. Blood was taken and the same parameters calculated. Following all calculations no significant differences in pharmacologic parameters were found based on injection site. Dissection of three dead carpet pythons determined that renal portal anatomy was the same as that described for other python species. Radio-opaque dye was injected in the caudal vein of one python and observed radiographically to pass via the afferent renal portal veins through the kidneys and enter the efferent renal portal veins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".